VEGFA and pulmonary arterial hypertension: As VEGF plays a pivotal role in endothelial cell homeostasis and signaling pathways, it is theoretically plausible that inhibition of VEGF function may trigger apoptosis-resistant endothelial cell proliferation, vascular narrowing, and lung angio-obliteration, predisposing for the development of PAH [22,23,24,25].