Recent findings indicate a mechanistic relationship between cytoskeletal alterations and miRNA dysregulation, with oxidative stress and dysfunction of protein degradation systems, including the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, playing a role in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease, and SCA7 [63,64,65]. This evidence concerns the gene ATXN7 and Alzheimer disease.