In particular, it was shown that the probability of predicting a specific glioma subtype was increased by the elevated expression of distinct gene sets: astrocytoma by ZDHHC18, HDAC1, and TUBB6; oligodendroglioma by TERT, TRIM67, NOG, KCNIP2, and KCNJ11; and glioblastoma by NOX4, MMP9, TERT, VEGFA, ZDHHC18, CHEK2, and ADM. Here, MMP9 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).