PTEN and congenital hydrocephalus: In support of this model, recent human genetic studies of congenital hydrocephalus and related neurodevelopmental disorders demonstrate that many disease-associated genes (TRIM71, SMARCC1/SMARCA4, PTEN, KAT6B, SETD2, CHD7, DYNC1H1, KIF2A, LIS1) are highly expressed in ventricular zone neural stem cells (NSCs) and radial glial progenitors during prenatal brain development, rather than genes specific to mature ependymal cells [24,26,37].