A threefold increase in Bax relative mRNA expression (Figure 4A) was observed in the group of TRD patients before the initiation of the ECT protocol, when compared to healthy volunteers (Mann–Whitney U test, Z = −3.8, p < 0.001), which was accompanied by a 50% reduction in Bcl-2 relative mRNA expression (Figure 4B, t-test, df = 23, p = 0.049). This evidence concerns the gene BAX and treatment resistant depression.