We review key genomic alterations in NSCLC, including <i>EGFR</i> (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations, <i>ALK</i> (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) and <i>ROS1</i> (ROS proto-oncogene 1) rearrangements, <i>BRAF</i> (B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase) mutations, <i>MET</i> (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) alterations, <i>KRAS</i> (Kirsten rat sarcoma) mutations, <i>HER2</i> (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) alterations and emerging <i>NTRK</i> (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase) fusions and <i>AXL</i>-related pathways. This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.