INS and fatty liver disease: HCD-fed BALB/c mice showed elevated serum insulin (39.09 pg/dL ± 25.94), triglycerides (290.8 mg/dL ± 139.5), HOMA index (7.68 ± 1.49) and high post-challenge glucose along with visceral adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and pancreatic alterations.