On a gene expression level, these subphenotypes differ: the hyperinflammatory type is characterized by the activation of pathways related to the innate immune response, motility, and energy metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and cholesterol biosynthesis, but also PD-1, PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy, Rho signaling, and IL-8 signaling. Here, CXCL8 is linked to cancer.