NPPB and hydrops fetalis: Studies directly comparing the predictive significance of GDF-15 with traditional biomarkers such as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), or incorporating GDF-15 into risk scores [78,79,80], demonstrated that it improved the prediction of adverse outcomes in patients with HF.