The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial involved about 38,000 men in the intervention (annual PSA tests for 6 years and digital rectal examinations [DRE] for 4 years) and control arm, and after an extended follow-up over a median of 15 years, no benefit of the intervention in reducing mortality was found [18]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is cancer.