Early-stage high-risk tumors may benefit from immunotherapy earlier in the treatment pathway NRG-GY017 (NCT03738228) demonstrated that neoadjuvant PD-L1 blockade before chemoradiation induces a significantly greater expansion of tumor-associated T-cell receptor clones at day 21 and showed a favorable, though not statistically significant, improvement in 2-year DFS (76% vs. 56%; p = 0.28), supporting neoadjuvant immune priming as a feasible strategy for future phase II–III [66]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.