In line with these studies, our findings revealed that Os_9aa treatment remarkably alleviated the level of OS by elevating the Nrf-2/HO-1expression level in NSE-hαSyn mice groups, suggesting the potent antioxidant effects of Os_9aa peptides against α-syn induced PD transgenic mice model (Fig. 8A–E). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is Parkinson disease.