The combination of PiP with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the prefrontal cortex may enhance its effectiveness by modulating cognition, emotion, and pain perception.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study is to compare the effects of (1) combining active rTMS with PiP, (2) combining sham rTMS with PiP, and (3) usual physiotherapy (UP) on physical functioning in veterans with chronic LBP and comorbid psychological risk factors. The gene discussed is PIP; the disease is Low back pain.