TLR4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: have demonstrated that carvacrol improves blood lipid and glucose levels in type 2 diabetic rats (Sun et al., 2024).We have previously shown that carvacrol can improve blood glucose and insulin resistance in T2DM mice, and has a protective effect on the liver, suggesting that this protective mechanism is related to the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathways (Zhao et al., 2021).