ALB and lung carcinoma: Several composite objective indices that combine both nutritional and inflammatory markers—including the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) (11), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) (12), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (13), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) (14), and CONUT score (15)—have been shown to predict mortality and prognosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients.