To better understand the effect of ATH-1105 on extranuclear TDP-43 associated with glutamate toxicity, we assessed the impact of ATH-1105 on static markers of autophagy, which is an essential cellular process that mediates the degradation of pathological protein aggregates such as TDP-43 and has been shown to be disrupted in ALS (6, 7). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.