CNN1 and colorectal carcinoma: Some of these genes (such as CXCL3 (Liao et al., 2025), MCM2 (Tian et al., 2024), NFE2L3 (Saliba et al., 2022), MAD2L1 (Gharebaghi et al., 2024), MELK (Tang et al., 2022), ANGPTL1 (Chang et al., 2022), GREM2 (Zhang and Zhu, 2022), GLDN (Su et al., 2022), VAP-1 (Li et al., 2014), FABP-4 (Zhou et al., 2014), ALDH1A1 (Wang X. et al., 2025), CNN1 (Wang L. et al., 2025), DES (Ma et al., 2009)) have previously been confirmed to be associated with CRC, which further validates our research results.