For instance, vinblastine (VBL) can promote TAMs polarization toward the M1 phenotype with anti-tumor immune function by inducing NF-κB activation and cytochrome b-245 alpha (Cyba) chain-dependent reactive oxygen species generation; meanwhile, VBL also facilitates nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), significantly enhancing macrophage phagocytic activity (Wang et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.