NLRP3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: It inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, regulates the TNF signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation, and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18 as well as pulmonary vascular remodeling-related factors MMP-2, MMP-9, Collagen one and Collagen 3, thereby alleviating PAH (Ding et al., 2024).