HIF1A and metabolic disease: Dual-regulating natural products synchronously regulate immune responses and metabolic activities by targeting hub molecules such as mTOR and SIRT1: they synchronously inhibit Tfh cell differentiation and HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis, or form anti-inflammatory-metabolic protective synergistic effects by intervening in the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammatory axis and PINK1/Parkin mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby effectively blocking the vicious cycle of immune activation-metabolic disorder-vascular remodeling.