GRP and lung carcinoma: Ourfindings show that Pro-GRP + AAP + Sotorasib and SOD + BPA+ Paclitaxel complexes exhibited stronger binding affinities thanthe corresponding protein–pollutant complexes without drug.Since Pro-GRP and SOD1 are elevated in lung cancer, particularly inSCLC and NSCLC, our results suggest that pollutants (AAP and BPA)can destabilize these proteins, whereas anticancer agents such asSotorasib and Paclitaxel may partially counteract this effect.