S100B and pneumonia: Specifically, the analysis has three primary objectives: first, to determine the frequency of S100 protein family biomarkers in patients with and without pneumonia or organ failure (defined as the loss of function in a vital organ, such as the lungs, heart, kidneys, or liver); second, to evaluate the prevalence of interleukin markers in comparable cohorts; and third, to synthesize current literature to deepen understanding of the relevance of these biomarkers in the context of disease severity.