TNF and osteoarthritis, knee: As shown, BGJXF and dehydrocorydaline inhibit NF-κB activation via modulation of the AGE-RAGE and HIF-1α signaling axes, thereby suppressing the expression of key inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP9, BCL2), reducing cartilage ECM degradation, inflammation, and chondrocyte apoptosis, and ultimately preserving cartilage structure and restoring microenvironmental balance in knee osteoarthritis.