GFAP and Anxiety: Additional sex-specific alterations, such as GFAP upregulation (astrocytic activation; Middelkoop and Hol, 2011), ASPA overexpression (myelin lipid synthesis; Grønbæk-Thygesen and Hartmann-Petersen, 2024), and ADM induction (stress and anxiety regulation; Li et al., 2020), further suggest mechanisms linking molecular dysregulation to the behavioral phenotypes.