The latest Mendelian randomization analyses show a positive correlation between serum IGF-I and prostate cancer risk (for example, in the UK Biobank data, each increase of one standard deviation in IGF-I correspondingly increases prostate cancer risk), and IGFBP-3 has also been confirmed as an important risk factor for prostate cancer and its progression (14, 19). Here, IGF1 is linked to prostate carcinoma.