IGF1 and cancer: In summary, IGF-I plays an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors such as prostate cancer by activating multiple tumor-related signaling pathways, but is affected by multiple factors such as genetic background, complexity of signaling pathways, binding protein regulation, environmental exposure, detection standards, and subtype differentiation, making it difficult to present a simple linear increase in the “dose-response” relationship in the general population.