CSF1R and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Therapeutically, inhibition of CSF-1R signaling using small-molecule or monoclonal antibodies (such as pexidartinib or emactuzumab) has been shown to deplete or reprogram TAMs, thereby enhancing cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and improving responses to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in NSCLC.