Resistance arises through a complex interplay of tumor-intrinsic mechanisms, including defects in antigen presentation, interferon signaling disruption, and oncogenic pathway activation (EGFR, KRAS, MET), and tumor-extrinsic factors such as immunosuppressive cell populations, inhibitory cytokines, and metabolic rewiring of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and neoplasm.