Zongertinib and sunvozertinib both address previously refractory, mutation-defined NSCLC subgroups (i.e. HER2 TKD mutations and EGFR exon-20 insertions, respectively) and produced high-level ORRs and clinically meaningful median progression-free survival rates as outcomes in their respective single-arm trials, that clearly exceed historic activity from conventional chemotherapy and older, non-selective TKI drugs in these populations (Xu et al., 2025[139]; Zeng et al., 2021[143]). Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.