FAK is a non-receptor TK that integrates signals from integrins and growth factor receptors to regulate cell adhesion, migration, survival, and the tumor microenvironment; inhibiting FAK is therefore hypothesized to both impair the invasive properties of tumor cells, and to modulate stromal and immune components that promote tumor growth (Figure 4(Fig. 4)) (Banerjee et al., 2025[6]). This evidence concerns the gene PTK2 and neoplasm.