RAC1 has previously been shown to determine the metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma (KIRC).30 Reduced expression of CDKN1B is a known risk factor for PCPG and is common in this disease but usually cannot be explained by somatic alterations, though cases of allelic imbalance have been noted.31 CASP9 promoter polymorphisms confer increased risk of breast cancer32 and higher expression of CASP9 was associated with better survival.33 Downregulation of ERCC5 is associated with longer progression free survival in ovarian cancer treated with platinum therapy34 as is the case for OV in TCGA. This evidence concerns the gene RAC1 and renal cell carcinoma.