FGFR2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: For instance, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), exposure to the carcinogen N-nitroso-methylbenzylamine (NMBA) results in the downregulation of the long non-coding RNA UCA1, which functions to sequester the splicing factor hnRNP F. Loss of UCA1 allows hnRNP F to bind FGFR2 pre-mRNA at intronic regions flanking exon IIIc, thereby promoting its inclusion and facilitating a switch from the epithelial isoform (IIIb) to the mesenchymal isoform (IIIc).