Given that Nrf2 is a key molecule in the antioxidant defense system, and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress by inhibiting the generation of ROS, thereby conferring protection against various cardiovascular diseases (23, 24), we endeavored to conduct a more in-depth exploration into whether the Nrf2 signaling pathway mediates the antioxidant effects of PTA in the context of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.