INS and glaucoma: Preclinical studies have shown insulin as an important activator of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2), which broadly promote protein synthesis and cell growth,32 regulate RGC growth and regeneration,9 and are required for insulin-mediated RGC regeneration and neuroprotection in a mouse glaucoma model.10