This epigenetic programming exhibits remarkable persistence in glial cells: astrocytes in stroke or AD models display elevated tri‐methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) and reduced histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) levels, driving prolonged expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL‐6 to establish a proinflammatory “neuroinflammatory memory” [160], while microglia maintain LPS‐induced DNA methylation reprogramming for at least 6 months, significantly altering subsequent susceptibility to Aβ deposition [160]. Here, VEGFA is linked to Alzheimer disease.