TNF and cervical carcinoma: The utilization of CM from SiHa-si-GCH1 cells led to the downregulation of M1-marker genes, including IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas the expression levels of genes associated with an M2-like phenotype (i.e., IL-10 and TGF-β1) did not differ between M0 cells cultured with SiHa-si-NC CM and those cultured with SiHa-si-GCH1 CM (Fig. 9A-B), demonstrating that GCH1 in cervical cancer cells promoted M1 polarization in macrophages.