TGFB1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, to comprehensively assess the regulatory effects of the miR-497/SK-NBs combination therapy on in vivo anti-tumor immune activity, we measured the expression levels of immune-related mRNAs, including IL-2 (Figure 7L) and TGF-β (Figure 7K), across various tissues using RT-qPCR.The findings indicated that, relative to the control group, IL-2 levels increased by a factor of 3.5, while TGF-β levels decreased by a factor of 2.These results imply that the combined miR-497/SK-NBs therapy has the potential to significantly enhance anti-tumor immune responses.