For example, carriers of the pro-inflammatory IL1B-511T allele and the IL1RN2 allele are associated with increased risk of gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer, particularly in non-Asian populations; conversely, the IL1B-31C allele is linked to reduced risk in Asian populations, while the TNFA-308 G/A polymorphism shows no consistent association with gastric precancerous lesions or cancer risk (24). Here, IL1B is linked to cancer.