SLC30A8 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The importance of zinc transporters in immunopathology is evident in each disease state: ZnT8 is an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (94), ZIP8 polymorphisms predispose to colitis by disrupting gut barrier integrity (69), and tumor-mediated upregulation of ZIP9/ZIP14 causes T cell and macrophage exhaustion (95, 96).