CCL2 and influenza: RSV inhibits IFN-α/β but upregulates IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8/10, CCL2/3/5. Influenza relies on IFN-I/TNF-α. SARS-CoV-2 in neonates → ↑IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ. Maternal infection alters fetal cytokine profile.