The role of the miR-22/Sp1/CBS axis in regulating trophoblast invasion by influencing the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 may become foundational knowledge, ultimately contributing to the investigation, clarification, and prevention of pregnancy-related complications such as PE, recurrent pregnancy loss, and fetal growth restriction (FGR), while also providing insights for pharmacological interventions in these conditions. Here, MMP9 is linked to fetal growth restriction.