GSTM1 and Parkinson disease: This research aimed to examine the similarities and distinctions in cortical activation and functional connectivity between healthy controls (HC) and PD patients during the verbal fluency task (VFT), as well as the discrepancies in these neurophysiological indicators in PD patients with different cognitive levels, and to explore the connections between cortical oxy-Hb concentrations and cognitive performance during this task to further explore early neuroimaging early warning signs of PD.