CXCL5 and prostate cancer: This, in turn, increases the expression of CXCL5, initiating a CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling axis in CAFs and enhancing H3K27ac, which further supports the premetastatic niche.281 Prostate cancer-derived exosomes transfer PKM2 to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), leading to increased CXCL12 production via a HIF-1α-dependent pathway.282 In addition to exosomes, early liver infiltration of myeloid cells mediates IL6–pSTAT3 immune–hepatocyte cross-talk, depleting a master metabolic regulator—HNF4α.