CD8A and lung cancer: IPA, produced in synergy with Clostridium sporogenes, influences the stemness and exhaustion profiles of CD8 + T cells by promoting H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the superenhancer region of Tcf7, thereby facilitating the generation of progenitor exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tpex).240 Butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia, are enriched in lung cancer patients with early recurrence.