The NLRP3 inflammasome activation involves the assembly of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, and ASC.24 In this study, the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 were significantly upregulated in both THP-1 cells and gout SD rats; however, the miR-23a-5p mimic markedly reduced protein expression. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is gout.