MRC1 and mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1: The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) aged 40-75 years; (ii) confirmed CRC diagnosis by colonoscopy and pathological examination; (iii) body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30 kg/m2; and (iv) the absence of distant metastases or curative resection; (V) All of the patients whom were previously selected expressed the 4 major MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2), only patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) status were included, while those with MMR deficiency (dMMR) were excluded.