CD274 and glioblastoma: While no previous study reported this specific relationship in GBM, other studies have shown links between autophagy and PD-L1 expression [58, 59] for example: autophagy was enhanced in PD-L1 positive gastric cancers [60] and mTORC1 can by direct intermediate between autophagy and PD-L1 pathway, it inhibits autophagy and it is also important signaling target for PD-L1 intracytoplasmic tail [61].