It had been suggested that extracellular vesicles produced by mesenchymal stem cells and brain endothelial cells have the effect of upregulating the expression of ZO-1 and Claudin-5, as well as reducing the volume of cerebral infarction and permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats after 24 hours of MCAO treatment [24]. Here, TJP1 is linked to brain infarction.