PDGFD and neoplasm: Peng and colleagues demonstrated that silencing the HIF1A gene in orthotopic GBM models inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival, while the HIF-1α inhibitor Echinomycin suppressed the HIF1α-PDGFD/PDGFRa-AKT axis in GBM cells, increased apoptosis, stopped tumor progression, and increased survival in mice [78].