MX1 and infection: Upon infection, this configuration drives robust activation of type I interferon signaling via IRF3, upregulation of key interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; Mx1, Rsad2) (Chin and Cresswell, 2001; Li et al., 2023; Cui et al., 2025), and concurrent suppression of virus-required metabolic pathways (P450, ACSF) (Moreno-Altamirano et al., 2019; Camps et al., 2025).