NPPB and diabetes mellitus: Among the most significant variables (i.e. NTproBNP, age, PASP, LA volume, BMI, AF, sex, LV mass, chest pain, and diabetes mellitus), NTproBNP, PASP, LA volume, and LV mass are specified in the ESC guidelines for diagnosing HFpEF.17 It is well established that the prevalence of HFpEF increases with advancing age,22 and there are studies between BMI and HFpEF.23 Furthermore, women are found to be overrepresented in HFpEF.24 As expected, there is significant overlap between the variables included in AIM-HFpEF and those in other HFpEF predictive models.