In summary, GLP-1RA overcomes the metabolic shortcomings of endogenous GLP-1 through structural modification[119], and with a “glucose concentration-dependent” precise regulatory mode, achieves multi-dimensional intervention in the pathological links of T2DM (insulin resistance, β-cell decline, glucose metabolism imbalance), while having effects such as weight loss and organ protection, completely reshaping the treatment pattern of T2DM. The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.