AKT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: GLP-1RAs establish a regulatory network consisting of “classic pathways (cyclic AMP-PKA/phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt/AMP-activated protein kinase, cAMP-PKA/PI3K-Akt/AMPK)+IL-6/STAT3 cytokine signaling + DC blood buffer system”, thereby achieving comprehensive treatment for T2DM with effects of glucose lowering, organ protection, and weight loss.