HER2 mutations, including exon 20 insertions, are identified in approximately 2%–4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases (Sentana-Lledo et al., 2023) and are often associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis (Choudhary et al., 2024) as they confer insensitivity to traditional tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), highlighting the need for specific targeted therapies. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is neoplasm.