Notably, IL-13 and IL-4 exhibit a dual role in extracellular matrix remodeling: moderate signaling facilitates functional repair, while excessive activation may lead to pathological fibrosis (47).This suggests that we should pay attention to the fact that anti-inflammatory interleukins such as IL-4 and IL-13 are also a “double-edged sword” in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and peripheral nerve injury.