Reduced GFR promotes arterial stiffness through: (1) mineral metabolism disorders with calcium-phosphate imbalance and elevated FGF-23 accelerating vascular calcification (36); (2) chronic inflammation with uremic toxin accumulation exacerbating endothelial damage; (3) oxidative stress promoting vascular remodeling (37); and (4) sodium-water retention intensifying arterial wall stress. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is mineral metabolism disease.